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El inglés, idioma internacional de la medicina. Causas y consecuencias de un fenómeno actual

Este artículo analiza el predominio histórico y actual del inglés como lengua franca en el ámbito de la medicina científica. El autor explora la transición histórica desde el griego y el latín hacia la fragmentación lingüística del siglo XIX y el posterior dominio absoluto del inglés tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Asimismo, examina cómo esta situación influye en la terminología y estructura gramatical de otros idiomas, particularmente en el español, abordando fenómenos como la adopción de anglicismos, la simplificación de la comunicación científica y los riesgos de imprecisión terminológica derivados del uso masivo del inglés en la literatura médica mundial.

Ehefrau Vreni haucht ihm ins Ohr... Untersuchung zur geschlechtergerechten Sprache und zur Darstellung von Frauen in Deutschschweizer Tageszeitungen

It will be discussed in what way the language of Swiss newspapers written in German is gender-sensitive and what types of sexism can be found still. Six randomly chosen articles from six issues of each the 'Tagesanzeiger', the 'NZZ' and the 'Blick' are analyzed. On the one hand, the usage of non-sexist alternatives to the generic masculinum is examined in respect to personal references and, on the other hand, it is shown how men and women are treated in linguistically different ways. The data proves that sexism has, to a large extent, disappeared from Swiss-German newspapers. Sexist thinking, however, is still present in the subconscious and also manifests itself in the texts of the newspapers.

Discourse Cohesion and Accessibility of Referents in Oral Narratives: A Comparison of L1 and L2 Acquisition of French and English

This study aims at comparing L1 and L2 acquisition processes through an analysis of the linguistic means used to ensure discourse cohesion in the oral narratives of French and English four-, seven- and ten-year-old children and of adult learners of these two languages. We focused on the use of high accessibility markers (HAM) (zero anaphora, subject and object pronouns) and low accessibility markers (LAM) (definite noun phrases) by the different groups of learners to analyze the way they maintained and switched reference to the protagonists of the story. Our results highlight a tendency to underspecification among children, who use HAM in a higher proportion than native adults and produce ambiguous forms in context; and a tendency to overspecification among adult advanced and intermediate L2 learners, who favour LAM even where pronouns could be envisaged. This might be explained by the impact of cognitive factors as well as crosslinguistic influences on the productions of L1 and L2 learners.

Differences in Attainment and Performance in a Foreign Language: The Role of Working Memory Capacity

The goal of this study is to investigate the role of working memory capacity in L2 attainment and performance. The study uses an L1 reading span task to measure working memory of a group of 59 high-intermediate/advanced learners of English, and a film retelling task to measure their oral production. The analysis first showed a moderate to high correlation between proficiency measured by a general proficiency test and learners’ fluency, lexical complexity, and accuracy but not structural complexity on the retelling task. Secondly, no correlation was found between overall proficiency and working memory. Thirdly, a weak correlation was found between fluency and lexical complexity, and working memory. When the group was split into top and bottom levels of proficiency, moderate correlations were found between lexical complexity and working memory only for the high-proficiency group. The results are discussed in the light of previous research.

Die Übersetzung des Historischen Lexikons der Schweiz: Ein Unternehmen von sprachpolitischer Bedeutung

Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Übersetzung des Historischen Lexikons der Schweiz und basiert auf den Erfahrungen von drei Mitarbeitern. Die Enzyklopädie wird simultan in den drei Amtssprachen Deutsch, Französisch und Italienisch sowie in einer Kurzversion auf Rätoromanisch veröffentlicht, was eine komplexe administrative Planung und terminologische Präzision erfordert. Der Beitrag beschreibt konkrete Probleme bei der Übersetzung historischer Texte, die über bloßes sprachliches Wissen hinaus fundierte Kenntnisse der Schweizer und europäischen Geschichte verlangen. Dabei wird die Bedeutung der Mehrsprachigkeit für die Schweizer Identität hervorgehoben, während auf den Verzicht von maschinellen Übersetzungsprogrammen zugunsten traditioneller Methoden hingewiesen wird.

Die Mundart von Bosco Gurin

Bosco Gurin, the highest village in the Swiss canton of Ticino, was settled before the first half of the thirteenth century from the Wallis. It is an independent community which has about 60-70 inhabitants. The Alemannic dialect spoken in the village, Gurinerdeutsch, has been investigated since the nineteenth century. This paper provides an overview of the village's external circumstances, its linguistic structure, including phonology and grammar, with particular emphasis on nouns and verbs.

Dialekt/ologie an der Jahrtausendwende: Die neuen dialektologischen Wenden

Dieser Artikel dient als Vorwort zur Ausgabe der Zeitschrift Linguistik online und reflektiert die Ergebnisse des Hauptseminars "Dialekt und Dialektologie an der Jahrtausendwende". Der Text beleuchtet die aktuelle Lage der Dialektologie als Forschungsfeld, die Bedeutung neuer technischer Methoden für die Analyse syntaktischer und prosodischer Phänomene sowie das Zusammenspiel von dialektalen Varietäten und Standardsprache. Es werden verschiedene aktuelle Forschungsprojekte vorgestellt, die sich mit der räumlichen Dimension sprachlicher Ausprägungen befassen, und die Entwicklung hin zu einer syntaktischen und prosodischen Wende innerhalb der Disziplin diskutiert.

Системное программирование

Приведены теоретические положения и представлены практические примеры системного программирования. Рассмотрены системные ресурсы компьютера. Изло­жены основы языков системного программирования низкого уровня - Си и Ассемблера. Приведены необходимые справочные сведения и примеры для программирования аппа­ратных средств компьютера, реализации функций ввода-вывода, а также создания служб Windows и демонов Linux.

Voices from Phnom Penh. Development & language: global influences & local effects

This volume is a collection of reflections from a conference held in Phnom Penh, exploring the complex and multifaceted interaction between economically conceived development models and the role of communication and language. The chapters gathered here offer diverse perspectives on how global influences shape local language landscapes and how, in turn, local language practices and policies affect development outcomes. The book serves as a valuable resource for understanding the linguistic dimensions of development, education, and social change in Southeast Asia and beyond, covering themes ranging from multilingualism and literacy development to the impact of international languages and the role of community-based language programs.

Developing Writing Skills Through the Use of Blogs

This paper aims at describing an empirical research carried out in a private school in Fortaleza, Brazil, in which the production of a blog was used as an opportunity to teach writing skills in Portuguese, based on the curricular parameters for Brazilian basic education, which postulate that the teaching of Portuguese has to be based on texts. The theoretical background for this study was extracted from Schneuwly and Dolz (2004), who developed the idea of the teaching dimensions of genres. In order to accomplish our research purposes, a group of teachers from a private school in Fortaleza was invited to take part in a set of activities focused on the use of blogs as teaching tools. The present study seeks to provide a view on the potential of digital writing as a pedagogical tool for the development of discursive skills, contributing to linguistic analysis practices in the classroom.

Deutsche Literaturgeschichte: Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart

Das Lehrbuch bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die Entwicklung der deutschen Literatur von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart. Es gliedert sich in eine systematische Literaturgeschichte, die Epochen von der Renaissance bis zur Postmoderne analysiert, und einen theoretischen Teil zu literarischen Gattungen wie Lyrik, Drama und erzählender Prosa. Mit Fokus auf terminologische Grundbegriffe und historische Zusammenhänge liefert das Werk eine fundierte Grundlage für das Studium der Germanistik, ergänzt durch zahlreiche Abbildungen und Online-Materialien zur Vertiefung.

Der Mensch vor der Frage nach dem Sinn

Die Frage nach dem Sinn menschlicher Existenz gewinnt in unserer Gesellschaft zunehmend an Aktualität und Brisanz. Dieser Band bietet einen Querschnitt durch das gesamte publizistische Schaffen des Autors auf dem Gebiet der Psychotherapie und ihrer anthropologischen Grundlagen. Der Wiener Psychiater Viktor E. Frankl entwickelt in diesem Werk seine Logotherapie in Auseinandersetzung mit den Hauptvertretern der traditionellen Psychotherapie und leistet einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Sinnfindung des Menschen, insbesondere im Umgang mit dem Leiden am sinnlosen Leben.

5th International Conference on Language & Development: Defining the Role of Language in Development

The 5th International Conference on Language and Development held in Phnom Penh in 2001 serves as a platform for discussing the critical role of language in international development processes. This program covers a range of papers and workshops focused on language research, language policy, literacy, and the intersection of regional and national languages with development goals. The event brings together professionals, researchers, and stakeholders to share experiences, facilitate debate, and strengthen networks for future collaboration in the field, with a particular focus on the Southeast Asian context and its global implications.

Das generische Maskulinum im Deutschen: Ein historischer Spaziergang durch die deutsche Grammatikschreibung von der Renaissance bis zur Postmoderne

The article examines the evolution of the "generic masculine" in the German language as reflected in grammars from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It explores how grammarians historically treated masculine personal nouns and their ability to refer to both sexes, contrasting this with modern discussions and feminist linguistic critique. The author traces the development of grammatical norms, the role of gender in language, and the historical lack of explicit normative attempts to enforce the generic masculine in German compared to the English experience, providing a detailed historical perspective on linguistic and social structures.

Education Yesterday, Education Tomorrow

This volume of Daedalus, the Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, presents a collection of essays focused on the critical examination of the American educational system. Contributors explore the history, current state, and future prospects of education, addressing themes of educational reform, policy challenges, school performance, and the transformative power of learning in the knowledge era. The articles offer diverse perspectives from experts in various fields to analyze the complexities and necessary changes within educational institutions, providing insights into both systemic flaws and potential pathways for sustainable improvement and innovation.

Cultural Nationalism and the Irish Literary Revival

The article explores the impact of cultural nationalism on the Irish Literary Revival, revisiting familiar themes in the light of contemporary theories of nationalism and testing their validity in the Irish context. The author examines the interplay between political and cultural identity, analyzing the work of influential writers such as Yeats, Shaw, Joyce, and Beckett. It delves into the historical encounter between Britain and Ireland, the construction of Irishness, and how twentieth-century Irish writers engaged with concepts of nationhood, distinctiveness, and resistance against the backdrop of a changing political landscape and the aftermath of colonial influence.