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Matrix Quantum Mechanics and Two-dimensional String Theory in Non-trivial Backgrounds

String theory is the most promising candidate for the theory unifying all interactions including gravity. It has an extremely difficult dynamics. Therefore, it is useful to study some its simplifications. One of them is non-critical string theory which can be defined in low dimensions. A particular interesting case is 2D string theory. On the one hand, it has a very rich structure and, on the other hand, it is solvable. A complete solution of 2D string theory in the simplest linear dilaton background was obtained using its representation as Matrix Quantum Mechanics. This matrix model provides a very powerful technique and reveals the integrability hidden in the usual CFT formulation. This thesis extends the matrix model description of 2D string theory to non-trivial backgrounds. We show how perturbations changing the background are incorporated into Matrix Quantum Mechanics. The perturbations are integrable and governed by Toda Lattice hierarchy. This integrability is used to extract various information about the perturbed system: correlation functions, thermodynamical behaviour, structure of the target space. The results concerning these and some other issues, like non-perturbative effects in non-critical string theory, are presented in the thesis.

45 татуировок менеджера. Правила российского руководителя

Это книга о менеджменте. Книг о менеджменте миллионы. Но эту книгу написал профессионал. И описал в ней правила, эффективность и значимость которых проверял на себе. И поэтому он имеет право делиться с вами.

Mathematical Tools for Physics

When you address these questions to every problem you ever solve, you do several things. First, you’ll find your own mistakes before someone else does. Second, you acquire an intuition about how the equations ought to behave and how the world that they describe ought to behave. Third, It makes all your later efforts easier because you will then have some clue about why the equations work the way they do. It reifies algebra. Does it take extra time? Of course. It will however be some of the most valuable extra time you can spend. Is it only the students in my classes, or is it a widespread phenomenon that no one is willing to sketch a graph? (“Pulling teeth” is the clich´e that comes to mind.) Maybe you’ve never been taught that there are a few basic methods that work, so look at section 1.8. And keep referring to it. This is one of those basic tools that is far more important than you’ve ever been told. It is astounding how many problems become simpler after you’ve sketched a graph. Also, until you’ve sketched some graphs of functions you really don’t know how they behave.

МАҲАЛЛИЙ ДОН НАВЛАРИНИ ТОЗАЛАШ ВА ФРАКЦИЯЛАШ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯСИНИ ИШЛАБ ЧИҚИШ ВА УЛАРНИ СИНФЛАШ

Жаҳонда буғдой донидан олинадиган маҳсулотларнинг ассортиментини ошириш ҳамда сифатини яхшилашга қаратилган донли экинларни қайта ишлашни модернизациялаш, техник ва технологик янгилаш, прогрессив инновацион технологияларни жадал татбиқ этиш бўйича илмий изланишлар олиб борилмокда. Бу борада буғдой донларининг физик-кимёвий хоссалари ҳамда геометрик ўлчами ва массасига кўра фракциялаш, бошка аралашмалардан тозалашда энергия ресурсларини тежаш, юқори сифатли маҳсулотлар олиш имконини берувчи техника ва технологияларни яратишга алоҳида эътибор берилмоқда.

Unfu*k yourself. Парься меньше, живи больше

Эта книга написана для тех, кто день за днем ведет разрушительный внутренний монолог. Кто изводит себя бесконечным потоком сомнений и отговорок, ограничивающих и усложняющих повседневную жизнь. Она подобна пощечине, которую отвешивает Вселенная, чтобы разбудить вас, прочистить мозги и вернуть к жизни.

MATHEMATICAL PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND HIS SYSTEM OF THE WORLD

THE ANCIENTS (as we are told by Pappus) esteemed the science of mechan- Sics of greatest importance in the investigation of natural things, and the moderns, rejecting substantial forms and occult qualities, have endeavored to subject the phenomena of nature to the laws of mathematics, I have in this treatise cultivated mathematics as far as it relates to philosophy. The ancients considered mechanics in a twofold respect; as rational, which proceeds accurately by demon- stration, and practical. To practical mechanics all the manual arts belong, from which mechanics took its name. But as artificers do not work with perfect accu- racy, it comes to pass that mechanics is so distinguished from geometry that what is perfectly accurate is called geometrical; what is less so, is called mechanical. However, the errors are not in the art, but in the artificers. He that works with less accuracy is an imperfect mechanic; and if any could work with perfect accu- racy, he would be the most perfect mechanic of all, for the description of right lines and circles, upon which geometry is founded, belongs to mechanics. Geom- etry does not teach us to draw these lines, but requires them to be drawn, for it requires that the learner should first be taught to describe these accurately before he enters upon geometry, then it shows how by these operations problems may be solved. To describe right lines and circles are problems, but not geometrical problems.

Суғориладиган шароитда баҳорги буғдой етиштириш технологияси

Мавзунинг долзарблиги. Аҳолининг дон ва дон маҳсулотларига бўлган эхтиёжини тўлароқ қондириш, бугунги босқичма-босқич бозор иқтисодиётига ўтилаётган, мулкчиликнинг янги шакллари шаклланаётган даврда энг долзарб вазифалардан бири хисобланади.

Manual on mathematical models in isotope hydrogeology

Methodologies based on the use of naturally occurring isotopes are, at present, an integral part of studies being undertaken for water resources assessment and management. Applications of isotope methods aim at providing an improved understanding of the overall hydrological system as well as estimating physical parameters of the system related to flow dynamics. Quantitative evaluations based on the temporal and/or spatial distribution of different isotopic species in hydrological systems require conceptual mathematical formulations. Different types of model can be employed depending on the nature of the hydrological system under investigation, the amount and type of data available, and the required accuracy of the parameter to be estimated.

МАҲАЛЛИЙ БЮДЖЕТЛАР МАБЛАҒЛАРИДАН САМАРАЛИ ФОЙДАЛАНИШНИ ТАЪМИНЛАШ МАСАЛАЛАРИ

Жаҳонда Давлат бюджети ва шу жумладан, маҳаллий бюджетлар маблағларидан самарали фойдаланишни таъминлаш мақсадида, асосан, муаммонинг икки жиҳатига, яъни натижавийликка йўналтирилган бюджетлаштириш ва бюджетлаштиришнинг дастурий-мақсадли методидан фойдаланишга асосий эътибор қаратилмоқда. Бунга дахлдор бўлган илмий- тадқиқотларда муаммолар, жумладан: узоқ муддатли бюджет дастурлари ижросининг натижавийлигига макроиқтисодий башоратлар аниқлилигининг таъсири, узоқ муддатли бюджет дастурларининг натижавийлигини баҳолашда стратегик ва бюджет режалаштиришининг ўзаро алоқадорлиги, шакллантириш ва уларнинг натижавийлигига баҳо бериш боскичида узок муддатли бюджет дастурларини мувофиқлаштириш механизмлари ва методологик асослари, узоқ муддатли бюджет дастурларини тузиш ва унинг натижавийлигини баҳолашда юқори даражадаги ҳокимият органларининг методик кўрсатмаларини қўллаш, узоқ муддатли бюджет дастурларининг натижавийлиги ва самарадорлиги кўрсаткичларинитанлаш ва ҳисоб-китоб килиш каби устувор йўналишларда илмий тадқиқотлар олиб борилмоқда.

Шунқорлар - Ватан таянчи

Китоб кенг ўқувчилар оммасига мўлжалланган бўлиб, ёшларимизни ватанпарварлик руҳида тарбиялашга катта ҳисса қўшишига ишонамиз.

Как завоевывать друзей и оказывать влияние на людей

Дейл Карнеги говорил, что легче сделать миллион долларов, чем добавить фразу в английский язык. «Как завоевывать друзей и оказывать влияние на людей» стала именно такой фразой, цитируемой, пересказываемой, пародируемой, используемой с неисчислимым множеством оттенков в различных текстах – от политических листовок до романов.

Mathematical Methods in Quantum Mechanics

This manuscript provides a self-contained introduction to mathematical methods in quantum mechanics (spectral theory) with applications to Schr¨odinger operators. The first part covers mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics from self-adjointness, the spectral theorem, quantum dynamics (including Stone’s and the RAGE theorem) to perturbation theory for self-adjoint operators. The second part starts with a detailed study of the free Schr¨odinger operator respectively position, momentum and angular momentum operators. Then we develop Weyl-Titchmarsh theory for Sturm-Liouville operators and apply it to spherically symmetric problems, in particular to the hydrogen atom. Next we investigate self-adjointness of atomic Schr¨odinger operators and their essential spectrum, in particular the HVZ theorem. Finally we have a look at scattering theory and prove asymptotic completeness in the short range case.

Афсоналардаги шаҳар

Ангрен шаэфининг тарихига оид кискача маълумотномани ёзишда шаҳар ҳамда вилоят ўлкашунослик музейлари, шаҳар, вилоят ва республика архив ҳужжатлари ҳамда ҳозир хам яшаб турган кишиларнинг эсдаликларидан фойдаланилди.

Думай как миллионер. 17 уроков состоятельности для тех, кто готов разбогатеть

На страницах этой книги вы познакомитесь с некоторыми из тысяч писем, которые я получаю от бывших слушателей моего интенсивного курса «Думай как миллионер», добившихся серьезных успехов

МАҲАЛЛИЙ ХОМ АШЁЛАР АСОСИДА КЎМИР БРИКЕТИ ИШЛАБ ЧИҚАРИШ УЧУН БОҒЛОВЧИ ОЛИШ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯСИНИ ЯРАТИШ

Дунёда саноат иқтисодиёти тармоқларининг жадал ривожланиши, аҳоли сони ҳамда ишлаб чиқариш тармоқларининг ўсиши натижасида нефть, газ, кўмир ва бошка турдаги ёқилғиларга бўлган эҳтиёж янада ортиб бормоқда. Бу борада кўмир ёқилғиси алоҳида эътиборга эгадир. Лекин кўмирнинг ташқи механик таъсирлар натижасида майдаланиши, яроқсиз ҳолга келиши, ўз навбатида экологик муаммоларни келтириб чикаради. Шунинг учун ҳосил бўлган кўмир майда бўлаклари асосида брикетлаш орқали ёнувчанлиги ва мустаҳкамлигини ошириш учун боғловчи моддалар ёрдамида маҳсус қурилмаларда брикетлаш катта аҳамиятга эга.

Mathematical Methods for Physicists: A concise introduction

This text is designed for an intermediate-level, two-semester undergraduate course in mathematical physics. It provides an accessible account of most of the current, important mathematical tools required in physics these days. It is assumed that the reader has an adequate preparation in general physics and calculus. The book bridges the gap between an introductory physics course and more advanced courses in classical mechanics, electricity and magnetism, quantum mechanics, and thermal and statistical physics. The text contains a large number of worked examples to illustrate the mathematical techniques developed and to show their relevance to physics. The book is designed primarily for undergraduate physics majors, but could also be used by students in other subjects, such as engineering, astronomy and mathematics.